| Assessor says “not yet competent” | Routine. Your assessor read the evidence and decided a criterion is not met yet. | Fix the named gap and resubmit. Usually the cheapest and fastest of the five. | Days to weeks |
| Internal quality assurer reverses the decision | Your assessor passed it; the IQA sampled the file and disagreed. Nothing you did changed — the standard applied to it did. | The rebuild has to satisfy the sampler, not the assessor. Mapping and referencing usually matter more than new content. | Weeks |
| External quality assurer intervention | The awarding organisation sampled the centre and questioned decisions, sometimes months after sign-off. | Centre-level, so timescales are outside your control. Evidence often has to be re-presented rather than rewritten. | Weeks to months |
| Authenticity or malpractice concern | Similarity flagged, wording that does not match your register, or evidence a sampler does not believe is yours. | A different process entirely, with its own investigation and appeal rights. Everything flagged is rebuilt from scratch. | Weeks, plus a hearing |
| Registration expiry or refused claim | Nothing wrong with the evidence — the window closed, or the certification claim was refused on paperwork. | Administrative, not academic. Extension request, re-registration, or a corrected claim through your centre. | Days, if you move |